This theory started with the realization that the way gravity can be
shown to at least relative to us, slow time, that this slowing of time
can also be shown to contract mater. If you measure space with a
contracted rod you end up measuring more space or distances as the case
may be. Leads to all sorts of explanations for a whole bunch of physics
stuff. Simple as it is its not in the usual theories.
Slowing of time or light is relative see below
CLICK here for how gravity slows time. Will add this later
Nearly everyone knows now that black holes and their extreme gravity
slow down time to an extreme, at least to us outside observers so how do
you show that it also contracts mater. About the easiest way to start
is by looking at the pole-valt in barn thought experiment only this time we
also add a slowed down time within the barn.
To review the Pole in barn experiment and skip ahead if you already know about this. Its
about how in relativity objects are supposed to measure shorter when
they travel and this is most significant as they approach light speed,
so why cant someone running fast enough with a rod longer than the barn
actually fit it all inside the barn with both doors closed for a brief
instance. Well it depends on where you are when the measurements are
made but no you cant do this so that "all" observers placed at every
location will agree that the rod was within the barn with booth doors
closed. Note that some arguments point out that from the rods
prospective its the barn that's
traveling and so its the barn that measures shorter.
SKIP TO HERE TO CONTINUE But if the barn has a
significant amount of slower time inside it by for example 2 small
black holes in rotation about each other so we have a clear path
between them and then do this experiment again. Then if you start with a
rod
of for example 40 meters and it enters a 10 meter long barn where the speed of
light is reduced to the point that it takes 10 seconds to pass then we
can not only fit this 40 meter rod inside the barn but take our time
and walk around to the front and let it out. All observers will agree
that both doors were closed. Having a light pulse enter the barn at the
same time for comparison and the light will take 10 seconds to exit
with the rod being somewhat slower, will be slightly behind.
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By analogy light entering a glass rod will slow down and become
compressed much the way that runners on entering a tunnel and slowing
to a walk will bunch up closer together. On leaving the tunnel
returning to a run will again increase the distances between them.
Atoms and their component particles can behave the same way.
This means that the space inside the barn has indeed increased.
The slowing of light by gravity is called the Shapiro effect and it is
what this thought experiment is based on. Note
that this is a relative thing and if you were to travel with the rod you
would feel no acceleration and
you would see no change in light speed or physical lengths inside your
frame of
reference. Light speed is considered invariant due to this. Its
inherently tied to time so you cant have a different speed of light
without the time being equally effected. Making a light clock where the
ticks require light to travel a certain length can be used to
illustrate this connection.
Even the circumferences around planets should be more than just what
it would be if you drawn a planet on paper and
measured its conferences from that. In this theory the contraction of
the rod is no different than the expanding of the space around it. They
become indistinguishable if ether the rod got shorter or the space
more,
its relative in the same way time is.
This is relative in much the same way as if you were to observe a
square meter box with a small man inside with a meter stick. Its
contracted 1/10 in length to us and ask
him to measure the inside of his box. He will say his meter stick is
unchanged it has the same number of atoms that makes up his meter and
everything else also tells him his length is correct but that he
measures more space or 10 meters along each side. We argue its his
meter stick that's contracted and its our measure of length that's the
correct one. He argues its our stick that's extended in length and is
now longer than 1 meter so to him we are wrong. Who is right and why do
you think so, obviously its relative.
GRAVITATIONAL BINDING ENERGY
Should work out to be explainable by
space expansion and will support this theory even more if the math's
agree. FOR NOVICES Remember that any source of mass or
energy will have a bit of gravity and its just the large amounts of
it and the way gravity adds up that gives your planets
gravity. Even a small rock has some gravity.
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To review the reasoning for why and what
gravitational binding energy is about, remember that dropping matter
from a great height you could also use in principle use the extra energy to create extra
matter that would also create its own gravity but this would have
meant that neutron stars would have had more gravity than the stars
they were created from. All of that mass falling down to a smaller
diameter can produce a lot of extra energy. This doesn't happen for some
reason and what some people
believe its because of gravity having negative
energy without much real clarity on how that would work. In this theory its expected to be
explained by the
idea that more massive objects in their creation will have expanded
the space around them in such a way that they actually measure farther
away. We done see the extra gravity simply because of the increased
distances.
This is also a testable prediction but it involves measuring where
the surfaces of planets are supposed to be in relation to their
circumferences. There will be mismatches compared to where they would be
as predicted from a drawing to scale on a piece of paper. The theory can
be proven wrong here if the predicted expansion cant be found..
This extra theory needs to also be examined with the idea that the
extra time dilation might also add some extra expansion In other words
it might not be only the extra mass but the time dilations on that mass
could expand the space by an added amount. It needs to be more closely
examined.
Another proposed experiment to prove
this theory, and give you more idea on how this theory would work
ignoring reduction to
practice problems.
Normally objects in free fall always fall towards a common center such
as a planet but if you were to somehow string up a series of planets
into a rod you would have one axis where free falling objects would
not fall towards a common center This axis is of course the one along
the length of the rod. No center point to confuse explaining this.
If the effect of gravity and this slowing of time were to
contract mater guess what is predicted.
2 cubes placed beside each other on a free falling space ship will
start contracting as you go farther into the gravity well and
depending on where you are when you make the observation they will
either appear to contract around a common point while they stay in their
original places or appear to move away from each other. Inside this
space ship the 2 cubes will
appear to travel away from each other
On the other hand a distant external observer outside of the space
ship will see the
cubes both stay in one place but instead shrink in size around their
common points. Space ship will
also shrink but we can ignore that here.
By analogy its somewhat like placing two cubes of jellow beside each
other and letting them dry out. Note that the two cubs do not actually
move from their centers of gravity but they will contract as they dry
reveal the extra space between them. Note how this theory predicts
something very much like that of expanding space. That cant be explained
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